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Computing |
CC++
We
have seen the basic concept behind arrays in general and also
one-dimensional arrays. Now we see the handling of more than
one-dimensional arrays. Two-Dimensional
Arrays
The
discussion so far has been in listing of values stored under a single
name. However, sometimes it becomes to store a table of values. Now we
all know that a table comprises of rows and columns. Consider the
following data table
----------------------------------------
x1
x2
----------------------------------------
y1
100
200
y2
300
400
---------------------------------------
The
above table consists of 2
rows and 2 columns. Now it is necessary to store this kind of data in
programs, where the column represents variation of one quantity and
corresponding to each column we have the row values varying
as above we have x1 and varying of y from y1 to y2.
C
allows us to define such table of items by using two-dimensional arrays.
The table discussed above can be defined in C as
array[2][2]
Here
the first bracket value indicates the number of rows which is 2 in this
case, and the second bracket is the column size (2 in this case).
In
general the declaration of two-dimensional arrays is as follows
type
array_name [row_size][column_size];
The
type can be any data type inbuilt or user defined. C & C++ provides
the easiest techniques to to declare arrays.
The
representation of memory storage of two-dimensional arrays can be
visualized as follows
column0
column1
[0][0]
[0][1]
______________________
Row0----
|___100_____|____200 ___|
[1][0]
[1][1]
______________________
Row1----
|____300____ |____400___|
Initialization
of two-dimensional arrays
Similar
to the one-dimensional the two-dimensional arrays are initialized. For
example
int
array[2][3] = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
In
the above case elements of the first row are initialized to 1,2,3 &
second row elements are initialized to 4,5,6.
The
initialization can be done row wise also, for the above example it is
int
array[2][3] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}};
If
the initialization has some missing values then they are automatically
initialized to 0.
For
example
int
array[2][3] = {{3.4},{5}}
In
this case the first two elements of the first
row are initialized to 3,4 ,while the first element of the second
row is initialized to 5 & rest all elements are initialized to 0. Multi-Dimensional
Arrays
C
allows arrays with more than two dimension, to the limit depending on
the compiler.
The
general form of a multidimensional array is
type
array_name[s1][s2][s3]....[sm]; The total number of elements in any dimension of arrays is the product of all sizes included in the declaration. So it will be s1*s2*s3*....*sm. For most applications, two dimension arrays suffice. Three dimension is maximum that you can expect to go in normal applications. Still higher dimension arrays are required in the field of scientific computing, weather forecasting, time-space analysis, etc. – Sachin Mehta
C/C ++ Computing |
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