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Computing |
CC++
We
would start here, with the arithmetic operations on characters and
strings. C allows us to manipulate characters the same way as we do with
numbers. Whenever a character constant or character variable is used in
an expression, it is automatically converted into an integer value by
the system. The integer value depends on the local character set of the
system.
For
example, if the machine uses ASCII representation, then,
m
= 'a';
printf("%d\n",m);
will
display the number 97 on the screen.
Arithmetic
operations can also be performed on the character constants and
variables.
For
example,
s
= 'z' - 1;
will
cause 1 to be subtracted from
the ASCII value of 'z'(122) and the resultant value of 121 to be
assigned to s.
The
C library supports functions for converting strings into their
corresponding integer values.
The
function is of the form
d
= atoi(string);
Putting
strings together
We
cannot apply the arithmetic addition for joining of two or more strings
in the manner
string1
= string2 + string3; or
string1
= string2 + "SACY";
For
carrying out the above we need to write a program to copy the contents
of the string2 & string3 into string1 one after the other. This
process is called concatenation of strings.
We
now see some functions provided by the C library to overcome the above
problem & also provide additional features.
strcat()
Function
strcat()
joins two or more strings together. It takes the following form
strcat(string1,
string2);
string1
and string2 are character arrays. When the above function is executed,
string2 is appended to string1. It does so by removing the null
character at the end of string1 and placing string2 from there. The
string at string2 remains unchanged.
strcat
function may also append a string constant to a string variable. The
following is valid
strcat(part1,"SACY");
C
also permits nesting of strcat functions. For example
strcat(strcat((string1,string2),string3);
is
allowed and concatenates all the three strings together. The resultant
string is stored in string1.
strcmp()
Function
The
strcmp function compares two strings identified by the arguments and has
a value 0 if they are equal. If they are not, it has the numeric
difference between the first non-matching characters in the strings. It
takes the form:
strcmp(string1,
string2);
string1
and string2 may be string variables or
string constants. For example
strcmp(name1,name2);
strcmp(name1,"JOHN");
strcpy()
Function
The
strcpy function works almost like a string-assignment operator. It takes
the form
strcpy(string1,string2);
and
assigns the contents of string2 to string1. string2 may be a character
array variable or a string constant. For example
strcpy(city,"DELHI");
will
assign the string "DELHI" to the string variable city.
Similarly the statement
strcpy(city1,
city2);
will
assign the contents of the string variable city2 to the string variable
city1.The size of the array city1 should be large enough to receive the
contents of city2.
strlen()
Function
This
function counts and returns the number of characters in a string
n
= strlen(string); Where n is an integer variable, which receives the value of the length of the string. The argument may be a string constant. The counting ends at the first null character. – Sachin Mehta
C/C ++ Computing |
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