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Computing |
Internet Security
Glossary of TCP/IP
Terms
Before I go in the intricacies of web
security, it is imperative that you are familiar with TCP/IP. In this
article, I just give a brief definition of terms you are most likely to
come across. We will build on this later.
IP:
Internet Protocol. The lowest layer protocol defined in TCP/IP. This is
the base layer on which all other protocols mentioned herein are built.
IP is often referred to as TCP/IP as well.
UDP: User Datagram Protocol. This is a connectionless protocol
built on top of IP. It does not provide any guarantees on the ordering
or delivery of messages. This protocol is layered on top of IP. Known as
younger brother of TCP
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is a connection oriented
protocol that guarantees that messages are delivered in the order in
which they were sent and that all messages are delivered. If a TCP
connection cannot deliver a message it closes the connection and informs
the entity that created it. This protocol is layered on top
of IP.
ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol. ICMP is used for
diagnostics in the network. The Unix program, ping, uses ICMP messages
to detect the status of other hosts in the net. ICMP messages can either
be queries (in the case of ping) or error reports, such as when a
network is unreachable.
RFC: Request For Comment. RFCs are documents that define the
protocols used in the IP Internet. Some are only suggestions, some are
even jokes, and others are published standards. Several sites in the
Internet store RFCs and make them available for anonymous ftp.
SLIP: Serial Line IP. An implementation of IP for use over a
serial link (modem). CSLIP is an optimized (compressed) version of SLIP
that gives better throughput.
Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be pushed through a link
in unit time. Usually measured in bits or bytes per second.
Latency: The amount of time that a message spends in a network
going from point A to point B.
Jitter: The effect seen when latency is not a constant. That is,
if messages experience a different latencies between two points in a
network.
RPC: Remote Procedure Call. RPC is a method of making network
access to resource transparent to the application programmer by
supplying a "stub" routine that is called in the same way as a
regular procedure call. The stub actually performs the call across the
network to another computer.
Marshalling: The process of taking arbitrary data (characters,
integers, structures) and packing them up for transmission across a
network.
MBONE: A virtual network that is a Multicast backbone. It is
still a research prototype, but it extends through most of the core of
the Internet (including North America, Europe, and Australia). It uses
IP Multicasting which is defined in RFC-1112. An MBONE FAQ is available
via anonymous ftp from: ftp.isi.edu" There are frequent broadcasts
of multimedia programs (audio and low bandwidth video) over the MBONE.
Though the MBONE is used for mutlicasting, the long haul parts of the
MBONE use point-to-point connections through unicast tunnels to connect
the various multicast networks worldwide.
So till next time, bye.
– Mayur Kamat
November 14, 2000
The Worms on the Net
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