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Environment
Saving Our Life-Support
System
Understanding One’s
Decision Footprint
by William C. Gladish
(Page 2)
Examples of How the Decision Footprint
Works
The
Decision Footprint would be calculated by adding one’s
Consumption-decision Factor to their Child-creation Factor (again, a
person does not “decide” to be born, that decision was made by one’s
biological parents or individuals using the aid of a fertility clinic
and should be reflected in their Decision Footprint calculation). If one
is adopting a child, then the Adoption Factor is also added into the
equation. After the first three factors are taken into account, a
Life-support Protection Factor is subtracted to obtain one’s Decision
Footprint.
Example No. 1
The Decision Footprint of
an American couple consuming at the average rate, creating two children,
and a zero Life-support Protection Factor:
0 + 0 + 23.5 + 23.5 - 0 = 47 acres
0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent: 23.5 - 23.5
equals 0)
+ 0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent: 23.5 - 23.5
equals 0)
+ 23.5 (Child-creation Factor for the first child)
+ 23.5 (Child-creation Factor for the second child)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
Because of this couple’s
“decisions”, an additional 47 acres of wildlife habitat from around the
world must be converted into human use—leaving less space for
biodiversity and a further decline to a life-support system that’s
already overstressed.
Example No. 2
The Decision Footprint of
an American couple consuming at the average rate, adopting two children
in the U.S. and a zero Life-support Protection Factor:
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 - 0 = 0 acres
0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent: 23.5 - 23.5
equals 0)
+ 0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent: 23.5 - 23.5
equals 0)
+ 0 (Adoption Factor for the first child—the parents and child are
from the same country so this factor is 0)
+ 0 (Adopted Factor for the second child—the parents and child are
from the same country so this factor is 0)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
This couple’s “decisions”
will have a neutral effect on the health of our life support system.
Example No. 3
The Decision Footprint of
an American couple consuming at the average rate, adopting two children
from a country with an average consumption rate of 12.6 acres, and a
zero Life-support Protection Factor:
0 + 0 + 10.9 + 10.9 - 0 = 21.8 acres
0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent: 23.5 - 23.5
equals 0)
+ 0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent: 23.5 - 23.5
equals 0)
+ 10.9 (Adoption Factor for the first child: 23.5 - 12.6 equals
10.9)
+ 10.9 (Adoption Factor for the second child: 23.5 - 12.6 equals
10.9)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
Because of this couple’s
“decisions”, an additional 21.8 acres of wildlife habitat from around
the world must be converted into human use—leaving less space for
biodiversity and a further decline to a life-support system that’s
already overstressed.
Example No. 4
The Decision Footprint of
an American couple consuming at the average rate, accomplishing
nurturing alternatives (i.e. helping schools, churches, universities,
nursing homes, civic groups, and educating fellow citizens in an effort
to help all children around the world), and a zero Life-support
Protection Factor:
0 + 0 - 0 = 0 acres
0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first member of the couple:
23.5 - 23.5 equals 0)
+ 0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second member of the
couple: 23.5 - 23.5 equals 0)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
This couple’s “decisions”
will have a neutral effect on the health of our life support system.
Example No. 5
The Decision Footprint of
an American couple consuming at “half” the average rate, creating two
children, and a zero Life-support Protection Factor:
- 11.75 - 11.75 + 23.5 + 23.5 - 0 =
23.5 acres
- 11.75 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent: 11.75 -
23.5 equals a negative 11.75)
- 11.75 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent: 11.75 -
23.5 equals a negative 11.75)
+ 23.5 (Child-creation Factor for the first child)
+ 23.5 (Child-creation Factor for the second child)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
Because of this couple’s
“decisions” (even at half the consumption rate), an additional 23.5
acres of wildlife habitat from around the world must be converted into
human use—leaving less space for biodiversity and a further decline to a
life-support system that’s already overstressed.
Example No. 6
The Decision Footprint of
an American couple consuming at “half” the average rate, adopting two
children in the U.S., and a zero Life-support Protection Factor:
- 11.75 - 11.75 + 0 + 0 - 0 = - 23.5
acres
- 11.75 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent: 11.75 –
23.5 equals a negative 11.75)
- 11.75 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent: 11.75 -
23.5 equals a negative 11.75)
+ 0 (Adoption Factor for the first child—the parents and child are
from the same country so this factor is 0)
+ 0 (Adoption Factor for the second child—the parents and child are
from the same country so this factor is 0)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
Because of this couple’s
“decisions”, they are helping to restore 23.5 acres of wildlife habitat
back into our life-support system.
Example No. 7
The Decision Footprint of
an American couple consuming at “half” the average rate, adopting two
children from a country with an average consumption rate of 12.6 acres,
and a zero Life-support Protection Factor:
- 11.75 - 11.75 + 10.9 + 10.9 - 0 = -
1.7 acres
- 11.75 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent: 11.75 -
23.5 equals a negative 11.75)
- 11.75 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent: 11.75 -
23.5 equals a negative 11.75)
+ 10.9 (Adoption Factor: 23.5 - 12.6 equals 10.9)
+ 10.9 (Adoption Factor: 23.5 - 12.6 equals 10.9)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
Because of this couple’s
“decisions”, they are helping to restore 1.7 acres of wildlife habitat
back into our life-support system.
Example No. 8
The Decision Footprint of
a “Swiss” couple consuming at the average rate, adopting two children
from the U.S., and a zero Life-support Protection Factor:
0 + 0 - 10.4 - 10.4 - 0 = - 20.8
acres
0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent: 13.1 - 13.1
equals 0)
+ 0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent: 13.1 - 13.1
equals 0)
- 10.4 (Adoption Factor for the first child: 13.1 - 23.5 equals a
negative 10.4)
- 10.4 (Adoption Factor for the second child: 13.1 - 23.5 equals a
negative 10.4)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
Because of this couple’s
“decisions”, they are helping to restore 20.8 acres of wildlife habitat
back into our life-support system.
Example No. 9
The Decision Footprint of
an “Indian” (India) couple consuming at the average rate, creating two
children, and a zero Life-support Protection Factor:
The average consumption rate for India is only 2 acres.6
However, it’s reasonable to argue that if the “average” citizen had the
opportunity to “decide” they would consume at least at the 12.6-acre
rate (the minimum quality-of-life standard argued by this essay).
Therefore, for this example, any consumption rate equal to or lower than
12.6 acres is assigned a zero for the Consumption-decision Factor. If an
Indian couple consumes above the 12.6 rate, the excess would be a plus.
If one “intentionally” consumes below the 12.6 rate, the difference
would be a negative. Again, one must remember that this is a “Decision”
Footprint calculation. As for the Child-creation Factor, it’s reasonable
to argue that the average child would consume at least at the 12.6-acre
rate (if given the opportunity). Therefore, the 12.6 rate is used for
the Child-creation Factor and it’s separated into two parts (Consumption
and Development Demand). Of course, access to contraceptive services,
education, and equal rights for women are key elements as well.
Therefore, it’s an issue for the unique situation and conscience of each
person calculating his or her own Decision Footprint.
0 + 0 + (2 + 10.6) + (2 + 10.6) - 0 =
4 acres of Consumption and 21.2 acres of Development Demand
0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent)
+ 0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent)
+ 2 (Child-creation Factor for the first child: Consumption)
+ 10.6 (Child-creation Factor for the first child: Development
Demand)
+ 2 (Child-creation Factor for the second child: Consumption)
+ 10.6 (Child-creation Factor for the second child: Development
Demand)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
Because of this couple’s
“decisions” and/or “lack of access” to the above elements, an additional
4 acres of Consumption and 21.2 acres of Development Demand for human
use has been placed on wildlife habitat from around the world—leaving
less space for biodiversity and a further decline to a life-support
system that’s already overstressed.
Example No. 10
The Decision Footprint of
an “Indian” (India) couple consuming up to 12.6 acres each (the minimum
quality-of-life standard argued by this essay), adopting two children in
India, and a zero Life-support Protection Factor:
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 - 0 = 0 acres
0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the first parent: 12.6 - 12.6 =
0)
+ 0 (Consumption-decision Factor for the second parent: 12.6 – 12.6
= 0)
+ 0 (Adoption Factor for the first child—the parents and child are
from the same country so this factor is 0)
+ 0 (Adopted Factor for the second child—the parents and child are
from the same country so this factor is 0)
- 0 (Life-support Protection Factor)
This couple’s “decisions”
will have a neutral effect on the health of our life support system.
Conclusion
“Unless
we can find some way to slow down population growth—to voluntarily
optimize the population—the stresses and strains on the natural
resources will be too great to bear.”
— Jane Goodall, Renowned Primatologist
“Humanity, in the desperate attempt to fit 8 billion or more people on
the planet and give them a higher standard of living, is at risk of
pushing the rest of life off the globe.”
— Edward O. Wilson, Professor Emeritus of Biology, Harvard University
“I have no doubt that the fundamental problem the planet faces is the
enormous increase in the human population. You see it overrunning
everywhere.”
— Sir David Attenborough, Renowned Wildlife Documentary Producer and
Anthropologist
There are countless other
examples and the author encourages the reader to calculate their own
Decision Footprint. The above examples clearly show how difficult it is
for individuals who create children to have a restorative effect upon
the planet’s overstressed life-support system (even when consuming at
half the average rate in the U.S.)—the same life-support system that the
children they created will depend upon in the future. Yet couples
consuming at the average (or at the minimum quality-of-life standard)
and choosing adoption in their own country (or some other nurturing
alternative) are already life-support system neutral with their
decisions; and members of this group, living in wealthy countries, can
easily achieve a restorative effect by reducing their consumption rate
and increasing their Life-support Protection Factor.
As for adopting children
outside one’s country, the examples show it’s difficult to achieve a
“significant” restorative effect when bringing children into a
high-consumption society (even when the parents consume at half the
average rate). However, one can achieve a significant restorative effect
when adopting a child from a high-consumption country into a
modest-consumption society. Furthermore, since the life-support system
is in crisis, it’s imperative that all of humanity work together to
increase our restorative decisions and not be satisfied with neutrality
when consuming above the minimum standard. Neutrality will not heal our
injured life-support system. Therefore, the best way to accomplish this
task is to lower our population and consumption, and no decision puts
more pressure on our overstressed life-support system than the decision
to create a child. Nor is it reasonable to believe that a reduction in
consumption alone will protect or restore our life-support system. For
the time being, the Life-support Protection Factor still provides a
method for all of us (especially citizens in wealthy countries) to
improve upon our Decision Footprint from decisions made in the past.
As for the future, if we
don’t change our reproductive and consumptive behavior, our life-support
system will continue to decay, and humanity’s long-term physical and
spiritual health will continue to decay as well. We need to look up into
the night sky and ponder the following questions:
- How can the decline
of our life-support system be intellectually and spiritually
responsible?
- Will religious
leaders find themselves apologizing to humanity, yet again, for
lacking the wisdom to reflect upon their dogma, priorities, and
political activities?
- How many souls in the
future will be lost from the decay of our life-support system?
- Has one’s
reproductive and consumption decisions truly helped to restore an
overstressed life-support system or just added to its decline?
- How can one change
their Decision Footprint to obtain a restorative effect?
- How can one help
others to change their Decision Footprint and obtain a restorative
effect?
Galileo’s
words are as profound today as they were in the 17th century:
"I do not feel obliged to believe that
the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has
intended us to forgo their use."
Because they hold the key
for positive change; religious leaders, teachers, scientists, students,
responsible citizens, and environmental/conservation groups need to
reflect upon humanity’s reproductive and consumptive behavior. Also,
because of their knowledge and position within society, they bear the
greatest responsibility for setting the example and providing
leadership. Yes, overpopulation and reducing consumption are unpopular
topics in a finite world. However, intellectual and spiritual maturity
demands that one warn humanity even in the face of great adversity. But
take heart, as more individuals and organizations muster the courage to
join the chorus, it will only inspire others to speak out—creating a
wave of support and positive change.
Therefore, the author challenges every citizen around the world to
reflect upon his or her Decision Footprint and to conduct additional
research and discourse in this area.
Read Also:
Having Children In a World of 6 Billion
References
1. World
Wildlife Fund, “Living Planet Report 2004”,
www.worldwildlife.org/about/lpr2004.pdf, page 28, U.S. ecological
footprint is 9.5 hectares or 23.4745 acres (rounded to 23.5). One
hectare is equal to 2.471 acres. The Global Footprint Network provided
the consumption-footprint data for the above reference and another
version of data is located at
www.footprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=footprint_acres.
(Because of rounding, the data for the two references may be slightly
different.)
2.
www.myfootprint.org, this consumption-footprint calculator is
provided by Redefining Progress on the web at
www.rprogress.org.
Another version of the calculator is on the web at
www.mec.ca/Apps/ecoCalc/ecoCalc.jsp
3. World Wildlife Fund, “Living Planet Report 2004”,
www.worldwildlife.org/about/lpr2004.pdf, page 28, U.S. ecological
footprint is 9.5 hectares or 23.4745 acres (rounded to 23.5). One
hectare is equal to 2.471 acres.
4. World Wildlife Fund, “Living Planet Report 2004”,
www.worldwildlife.org/about/lpr2004.pdf, page 30, Western Europe’s
ecological footprint is 5.1 hectares or 12.6021 acres (rounded to 12.6).
One hectare is equal to 2.471 acres.
5. World Wildlife Fund, “Living Planet Report 2004”,
www.worldwildlife.org/about/lpr2004.pdf, page 30, Switzerland’s
ecological footprint is 5.3 hectares or 13.0963 acres (rounded to 13.1).
One hectare is equal to 2.471 acres.
6. World Wildlife Fund, “Living Planet Report 2004”,
www.worldwildlife.org/about/lpr2004.pdf, page 26, India’s ecological
footprint is .8 hectares or 1.9768 acres (rounded to 2). One hectare is
equal to 2.471 acres.
Earth/Moon Photograph: NASA. All other photographs: Copyright © William
C. Gladish. Essay: Copyright © 2005 & 2006 by William C. Gladish. All
Rights Reserved. The Decision Footprint concept and the first version of
this essay were presented in October 2005 at the annual conference of
the North American Association for Environmental Education. The author
wishes to thank all the friends, associates, and scholars from around
the world that provided feedback on this essay. For publishing requests,
please contact the director at the following email address:
director@ACriticalDecision.org. Thank you
April 2, 2006
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