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Guidelines for Evaluation of Ebola Virus Disease |
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by Prof. Dr. Chandrashekhar Mule |
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The Ebola is a global public health emergency. This emergency requires a strong and immediate coordinated international response to stop it, the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone have been hit hardest by the current Ebola outbreak. Ebola’s blowup began in March. More than 1700 people have been infected, and at least 932 have died till date. Affected Countries do not have the capacity to manage an outbreak of Ebola. Guidelines to Evaluation of patient of Having Ebola Virus Disease Ebola virus is typically first spread to humans after contact with infected wildlife and is then spread person-to-person through direct contact with bodily fluids such as, but not limited to, blood, urine, sweat, semen, and breast milk. The incubation period is usually 8–10 days (ranges from 2–21 days). Patients can transmit the virus while febrile and through later stages of disease, as well as postmortem, when persons touch the body during funeral preparations. Onset of Ebola
Sudden onset of fever and malaise, accompanied by other nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as myalgia, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. Patients with severe forms of the disease may develop hemorrhagic symptoms and multi-organ dysfunction, including hepatic damage, renal failure, and central nervous system involvement, leading to shock and death. The fatality rate can vary from 40-90%.
Per cutaneous or mucous membrane exposure or direct skin contact with body fluids of a person with a confirmed or suspected case of EVD without appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), laboratory processing of body fluids of suspected or confirmed EVD cases without appropriate PPE or standard biosafety precautions, or participation in funeral rites or other direct exposure to human remains in the geographic area where the outbreak is occurring without appropriate PPE. Recommended Infection Control Measure Patient placement: Patients should be placed in a single patient room (containing a private bathroom) with the door closed. Healthcare provider protection: Healthcare providers should wear: gloves, gown (fluid resistant or impermeable), shoe covers, eye protection (goggles or face shield), and a facemask. Additional PPE might be required in certain situations (e.g., copious amounts of blood, other body fluids, vomit, or feces present in the environment), including but not limited to double gloving, disposable shoe covers, and leg coverings. Aerosol-generating procedures: Avoid aerosol-generating procedures. If performing these procedures, PPE should include respiratory protection (N95 filtering face piece respirator or higher) and the procedure should be performed in an airborne isolation room. Environmental infection control: Diligent environmental cleaning and disinfection and safe handling of potentially contaminated materials is paramount, as blood, sweat, emesis, feces and other body secretions represent potentially infectious materials. Appropriate disinfectants for Ebola virus and other filoviruses include 10% sodium hypochlorite (bleach) solution, or hospital-grade quaternary ammonium or phenol products. Healthcare providers performing environmental cleaning and disinfection should wear recommended PPE (described above) and consider use of additional barriers (e.g., shoe and leg coverings) if needed. Face protection (face shield or facemask with goggles) should be worn when performing tasks such as liquid waste disposal that can generate splashes. Follow standard procedures, per hospital policy and manufacturers’ instructions, for cleaning and/or disinfection of environmental surfaces, equipment, textiles, laundry, food utensils and dishware. |
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17-Aug-2014 | ||
More by : Prof. Dr. Chandrashekhar Mule | ||
Views: 952 Comments: 0 | ||
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