Ayurved the eternal science of healing is beyond beginning & ending. It is compared to a vast ocean, & studying Ayurved to swimming across….

It is a life long journey.

Bhavprakash Nighantu is an exhaustive treatise dealing with variety of substances included in Dravyaguna vidgyan. The author Bhavamishra has mentioned names, synonyms, attributes, actions & uses of all this substances. Bhavamishra has explained 23 vargas one of which is Dhanya varga. Dhanya varga is divided into five sub types which are as follows: 

1. Shali dhanya
2. Vrihi dhanya
3. Shuka dhanya
4. Shimbi dhanya
5. Shudra dhanya

1. Dhan

Synonyms- Chaval, Tandul
Botanical name- Oryza sativa Linn.
Family- Gramineae
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Guna- Laghu, Snigdha, Mrudu, Grahi
Rasa- Madhur
Doshaghnata- Tridoshnashak
Rogaghnata- Atisaar, Sangrahani, Jvar, Daaha, Aantrikpradaha

2. Java

Name of plant- Java
Synonyms- Java, Jaou
Botanical name-  Hordeum vulgare Linn.
Family- Gramineae
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Rogaghnata- Jwar, Atisaar, Mutrakrucha, Apachan, Pradah
Formulations- Manda, Peya

3. Godhum

Name of plant- Godhum
Synonyms- Gaehu, Gahu
Botanical name-  Triticum sativum Lam.
Family- Gramineae
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful part- Seed
Guna-Sheet, Guru, Snigdha
Rasa-Madhur
Doshaghnata- Vata-Pitta nashak, Kaphakar
Rogaghnata- Veeryajanak, Balakarak, Sandhankarak, Bruhaniya, Varnya.

4. Mudga

Name of plant- Mudaga
Botanical name- Phaseolus aureus Roxb.
Family- Leguminosae
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful part- Beej
Guna- Laghu, Grahi, Sheeta, Ruksha
Rasa- Madhur
Vipak- Madhur
Doshaghnata- Kapha-Pitta nashak
Rogaghnata- Jvarnashak, Netrya
Formulations- Yusha
 
5. Maash

Name of plant- Maash
Botanical name- Phaseolus mungo Linn.
Family- Leguminosae
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful part- Beej
Guna- Laghu, Grahi, Sheeta, Ruksha
Rasa- Madhur

6. Rajmaash (Lobia)

Name of plant- Rajmaash
Botanical name-  Vigna catiang Walp.
English name- Chinese beans, cow peas
Family- Leguminosae
Synonyms- Rajmaash, Mahamaash, Chapal, Bala
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful parts- Beeja
Guna- Guru, Ruksha
Rasa- Kashaya
Vipaka- Madhura
Doshaghnata- Vatakarak
Rogaghnata- Kriminashak
Types – White, Red, Black

7. Nishpav

Name of plant –Nishpav
Botanical name-  Dolichos lablab Linn.
English name- Flat bean
Family- Leguminosae
Synonyms – Rajshimbi, Vallak, Shweta shimbik
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful parts- Phala
Guna – Guru, Ruksha, Ushna
Rasa – Madhura, Kashaya
Veerya- Ushna
Vipaka – Amla
Doshaghnata- Raktapittakara, Kaphanashak
Rogaghanata- Visha, Kaphajvikara, Shotha
Types – Jangli, Krushita

8. Vanamudga (Motha)

Name of plant – vanamudga
Botanical name-  phaseolus aconitefolius Jacq.
English name- Aconite leaved kidney
Family- Leguminosae
Gana – Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful parts- Phala, Mula
Guna- Laghu
Rasa- Madhura
Vipaka- Madhura
Doshaghnata- Vatakarak, Kapha-pittanashak
Rogaghnata- Jvara

9. Masura (Masuri)

Name of plant- Masura
Botanical name- Ervum lens Linn., Lens culinaris medic
English name- Lentil
Family – Leguminosae
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful parts – Dala
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha, Sheetal
Rasa- Madhura
Veerya- Ushna
Doshaghanata- Vatakarak, Kapha-pittanashak
Rogaghanata- Vrana, Vibandha, Jvara, Raktavikara

10. Arhara (Aadhaki)

Name of plant- Arhara
Botanical name- Cajanus indicus Spreng
English name- Red gram, Pigeon pea
Family- Leguminosae
Synonyms- Aadhaki, Tuvari, Shanapushpika
Gana-Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful parts- Dala, Leaf
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha, Sheetal
Rasa- Kashaya, Madhura
Doshaghanata- Vatakarak, Kapha-pittanashak
Rogaghanata- Kamala, Shotha
Types- Var, Bicolor, Var, Flavus. Arahara & Juva

11. Chanaka (chana)

Name of plant- chanaka
Botanical name-  Cicer arietinum Linn.
English name- Gram, Bengal gram, Chick pea
Family- Leguminosae
Synonyms- Chanaka, Harimantha, Sakalpriya
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful parts- Phala
Guna – Laghu
Rasa- Kashaya
Veerya- sheeta
Doshaghnata- Vatakarak, Kapha-pittanashak
Types- Chana, Kabuli chana

12. Kalaya (Matara)

Name of plant- Kalaya
Botanical name- Pisum sativum Linn.
English name- Field pea, Garden pea
Family- Leguminosae
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Useful parts- Phala
Guna- Sheetal, Ruksha
Rasa- Madhura
Veerya- Sheeta
Vipaka- Madhura

13. Kulathi

Name of plant- Kulathi
Botanical name- Dolichos biflorus Linn.
English name- Horse gram
Family- Leguminosae
Useful parts – Beeja
Gana –Dhanyavarga (BhavprakashNighantu)
Guna- Ushna
Doshaghanata- vata-kaphanashak
Rogaghanta –Shwaas, Kaas, Medoroga,Ashmari, Shwetaparadara
Matra – 3-6 masha

14. Tila

Name of plant- Tila
Botanical name- Sesamum indicum Linn.
English name-Gingelli, Sesame
Family- Pedaliaceae
Gana- Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Rasa- Katu, Tikta, Madhura, Kashaya
Veerya- Ushana
Vipaka- Katu
Guna – Guru, Snigdha
Doshagaghanata- Tridoshanashak
Rogaghanata- Arsha, Ajirna, Udarashula, Kasa, Mutrashamari, Anartava, Vrana, Dantaroga
Matra – Beeja- 10-20 gm, Panchangkshar- 0.5-1 gm
Types- Black, White, Red Vanya, Alpatila

15. Atasi (Teesee)

Name of plant- Atasi
Botanical name- Linum usitatissimum Linn.
English name- Common flax, Linseed
Family- Linaceae
Useful parts- Beeja
Gana –Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Rasa- Madhura, Tikta
Veerya- Ushna
Vipaka- Katu
Guna- Snigdha, Guru
Doshaghanata- Tridoshanashak
Rogaghanata- Shotha, Dagdhavrana, Kaas
Matra – Taila-8-16 ml, Beeja- 1 tea spoon

16. Tori (Tori, Todis)

Name of plant- Tori
Botanical name- Eruca sativa Mill.
English name- Rocket salad
Family- Cruciferae
Synonyms- Tori, Tira, Lahi, Tara mira, Seoha, Tihra
Useful parts- Leaves, Beeja
Gana- Dhanyavarga (BhavprakashNighantu)
Veerya- Ushna
Guna- Laghu, Tikshna, Ushna
Doshaghanata- Kaphanashak
Rogaghanata- Visha, Raktavikara, Kushtha, Krimi, Charmaroga

17. Sarshap( Red& Yellow)

Name of plant- Sarshap
Red synonyms- Sarshap, Katuka, Sneha, Tunatubh, Kadambak
Yellow- Gaurasarshap, Siddharth
Botanical name- Brasica campestris var. sarson Prain.
English name- Yellow sarson, Indian colza
Family- Cruciferae
Useful parts- Beeja
Gana-Dhanyavarga (BhavprakashNighantu)
Rasa- Katu, Tikta
Veerya- Ushna
Vipaka- Katu
Guna- Snigdha, Ushna
Doshaghanata- Vata-kaphanashak
Rogaghanata- Kushtha, Krimi, Aamavata

18. Raee( Raee, Krishna raee)

Name of plant- Raee
Botanical name- Brassica juncea Linn.
English name- Indian mustard
Family- Cruciferae
Synonyms- Raji, Rajika, Tikshanagandha, Kshujjanika, Aasuri, Kshava, Kshutabhijanka, Krushnika, Krushnasarshap
Type- Banarasiraee
Useful parts- Beeja
Gana-Dhanyavarga (BhavprakashNighantu)
Veerya- Ushana
Guna- Ushna, Tikshna, Ruksha
Doshaghanata- Kapha-pittanashak
Rogaghanata- Krimi, Kushtha, Shotha, Pratishyaya

19. Cheenaka( Cheena)

Name of plant- Cheenak
Botanical name- Panicum miliaceum Linn.
English name- Indian millet
Family- Gramineae
Synonyms- Cheenak, Kakakangu, Suslashna, Slashanak, Kangubheda
Types- Yellow, Grayish
Useful parts- Phala
Gana –Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)

20. Shyamaka( Sama)

Name of plant- Shyamaka
Botanical name- Echinochloa frumentacea Link.
English name- Japanese barnyard millet.
Family-Gramineae
Synonyms- Shyamaka, Shymka, Shyama, Tribeeja, Avipriya, Sukumar, Raj dhanya, Trunabeejaotama
Gana-Dhanyavarga (BhavprakashNighantu)
Guna- Ruksha
Useful parts- Phala
Doshaghanata- Kapha-pittanashak, Vatakarak
Rogaghanata- Pitta vikara, Vibandha

21. Kodrava (Kodo, Vanakodo)

Name of plant- Kodrava
Botanical name- Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn.
Family-Gramineae
Types- Kodo, Vanakodo
Synonyms- Kodo, Kodrava, Koradusha
Vanakodo- uddala, vanakodrava
Gana-Dhanyavarga (BhavprakashNighantu)
Guna- Sheetal, Ushana
Doshaghanata- Vatakarak, Kapha-pittanashak
Useful parts- Phala

22. Gavedhuka (Garhedua)

Name of plant- Gavedhuka
Botanical name- Coix lachrymal jobi Linn.
English name- Adlay, jobs tears
Family- Gramineae
Synonyms-Gavedhuka, Gavedhu
Gana-Dhanyavarga (BhavprakashNighantu)
Rasa- Katu
Doshaghanata- Kaphanashak
Rogaghanata- Mutrakruccha, Medoroga
Useful parts- Phala

23. Neevara (Teenee)

Name of plant- Neevara
Botanical name- Hygroryza aristata Nees.
Family-Gramineae
Gana-Dhanyavarga (BhavprakashNighantu)
Guna- Sheetal
Doshaghanata- Pittanashak
Useful parts- Phala

24. Yavanala (Panera, Juaara)

Name of plant- Yavanala
Botanical name- Sorghum vulgare (Linn.) Pers.
Family-Gramineae
Gana-Dhanyavarga (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
Rasa- Kashaya, Madhura
Guna- Sheetal, Ruksha, Laghu
Useful parts- Phala
Doshaghanata- Kapha-pittanashak

References :

1. https://nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm
2. Dravyaguna vidgyan, Deshpande & Ranade, Anmol prakashan-Pune, 2007, page no- 8/36
3. Bhavaprakash Nighantu, K.C. Shastri, Chaukhamba prakashan-Varanasi,1998, page no- 9/635