What is Socialism?

Socialism is a political philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic and social systems. Buddha (563- 480 BC) prophesied that one should take refuge  in Budham, (wisdom), Dharamam (reality that we live) and  Sangham (Community). Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar said that he drew the principles of freedom, equality and fraternity, which define democracy and socialism, not from the French Revolution, but from Buddha. Abraham Lincoln extended the definition of democracy as ‘for the people, of the people, by the people’ and said that social justice, social change and peaceful transformation that provide the fruits of development and knowledge to all should be the fundamental goal of democracy. By Ambedkar’s definition, the aim of democracy was transformed into socialism. It can be defined as Buddhist Socialism.

Buddhist socialism is still practicable today. Memorable and acceptable. Not stopping with Sangam Saranam Gachchami, Buddha emphasized social justice, social life, and its significance by saying ‘Dharmam Saranam Gachchami’. Buddha gave the highest importance to wisdom and knowledge by saying Budham sharanam gachchami. That is why the era of Science continued during the flourishing period of Buddhism. Even today, Buddhism continues to be the era of science. It may be noted that Dr B. R. Ambedkar’s birth day was declared as World Science Day by the United Nations.

Buddhism accorded importance to education, science, medicine, social harmony, life values and culture. Those people inspired, established Buddhist universities and viharas. Thousands of people studied in these universities for centuries. Famous scientists worked as professors in Buddhist universities. Buddhist universities had many branches. They were called gates.

The well-known historian Mallampalli Somasekhara sharma (1891-1963) has given many details in his discourse essay ‘Buddhist Universities in Ancient India’. Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao (1877-1923) wrote books classifying history into three eras namely Hindu era, Muslim era and British era before the Indus civilization was discovered in the excavations of that time. There is a religious perspective in writing Hindu age. It may be noted that British era cannot be written as Christian era. It is not correct to use the word ‘Hindu’ in history and literature referring to the period before tenth century. Al Beroni (11-) was the first to use the term Hindu in his writings. The word Hindu was derived from the word Sindhu in Arabic. The word Sapta became Hapta. Thus, the words Sindhu and Hindu started as a word related to the Indus River and the Indus region. The word Hindu does not appear anywhere in written literature and history till the 10th century. Modern Indian History Scriptology (Historiography) has been taking its shape from 1850-1870 AD. Since then, history is being written by separating as Hindu kings, Muslim kings and Britishers with the religious prospective expressing love for some and hatred for others. It is important to note that adding the word ‘Hindu’ to the erstwhile history prior to 10th century with the religious perspective is to promote the Hinduism and supremacy of the Hindu Varna based system. Much of the history was not written in a Hindu tone before the 10th century. Writing history on the basis of Vajmayam words in Pali, Prakrit, Brahuvi, Dravidian and Sanskrit languages would bring it close to the history. Words in a language do not evolve that rapidly. So language evolution is trustworthy.

Those who take evidence from Sanskrit for writing history, unknowingly get stuck in Hindu religious propaganda and ideology. It is not easy to get out of such influence. Therefore, the development of history is closer to the facts in writing based on scripts of Brahuvi, Pali, Prakrit, Dravidian languages, Brahmi, Kharosthi, Khmer, Burmese, Thai, Sinhala, Latin languages and scripts.

The contribution of Rhys David (1843-1922) of England to the Pali language is exemplary. He was employed in Sri Lanka in 1863. Thus, he became interested in Pali language. He became an expert in it. From 1892–1904 he worked as a professor of Pali language at London University. He extensively explored Pali language literature and Buddhist literature and wrote many works. Perhaps, Rhys David is a trailblazer introducing Pali and Buddhism to European society. The Hindu religious perspective which started from the Indian independence struggle of 1857 spread in the national movement of the Congress and Historians such as K.P. Jaiswal in his writing promoted the self respect of ancient Indian history as Mahojwala Hindu religious history. In fact all of them are related to Buddhist, Varna, caste and histories which are not related to the word ‘Hindu’. Historical facts brought out by Rhys-David couple were set aside by Hindu Varna fundamentalists while giving importance to the supremacists for Hindutva propaganda. Ramayana and Mahabharata, which took a modern form long after the Buddha, have been ascribed antiquity by pushing them back a few thousand years and a few yugas.

Buddhism thought that knowledge should be useful to people. It was put into practice. People of many countries, many kingdoms and many religions studied in these universities with freedom, equality and self-respect. From there, knowledge spread throughout the world through them.

By that time, the matriarchal system was replaced by tribal societies. The male-dominated patriarchal system was set. Buddhist socialism, Buddhist dharma and Buddhist culture have enlightened the world for centuries as part of the patriarchal couple system. It can be said that Buddhism is the first socialist system built by human beings. The role of Universities (Vishwavidyalayalu) along with Buddhist monks in the spread of Buddhist Socialism was paramount.

Iron Age - Rural Fixed Farming:

Harappa, Indus Civilization BC. Created a great human civilization over a period of 3000 years. They did not know iron. They knew how to pump water through pipes and making porcelain vessels by melting them at 1400 degree heat. Such a great civilization has collapsed. Then, after many centuries, minerals and metals were extracted, and many new products were made. In 7th Century or in 10th century BC, iron was discovered. An iron stick and a plough were invented. As a result, fixed farming has increased in place of weed farming. Fixed farming promoted a rural self-sustaining economy. In the process of stabilization of the caste system, caste based professions as the foundation, the rural self-supporting caste economic system, the self-supporting rural socialist system, professional skills evolved over centuries, products and services were on the sublime raise. Till 1810 i.e. 60 years after the beginning of the industrial age, goods were being exported from India to other countries of the world. Although caste, class and color distinctions persisted in the rural self-supporting economy, it was a self-supporting socialist system even to those limitations. Even today, its remnants can be seen in the villages where everyone, regardless of caste, lines up and addresses each other as if they were blood relatives.

Socialism at Takshasila (Takkashila) University:

Community life and socialism continued in the 10th century BC in Takshasila (Takkashila) University. As early as the 5th century BC, King Taksha of Tashkent of Russia was influenced by the Buddha’s teachings and established Taxila University. Chanukya as studied there as a student, Gupta as a student studied there. Where is Pataliputra! and Where is Taxila! Needless to mention the fame of the university as they traveled hundreds of miles and studied there in those days when there was no transportation facility. Knowledge of various forms of sciences spread throughout the world through Taxila University. One of the main reasons why there is uniformity of many words in different ancient languages is because of the spread of the education learned at the University of Taxila. Charaka, famous for Ayurveda, also studied as a student and worked as an Acharya (Professor) at the university.

Socialism during the reign of Emperor Ashoka:

Emperor Ashoka (304-232 BC) converted to Buddhism after the Kalinga War and worked towards spreading Buddhism throughout the subcontinent. We read in our textbooks that Ashoka got the trees planted on both the sides of the road, got the wells dug and got the roads built. All these are development welfare programs taken up as part of Buddhist Socialism. He contributed to the autonomy of Taxila University.

Buddhism spread democratically into several foundations. Mahasabhas (Buddhist music) were held with the Buddhists from time to time codifying and harmonizing the Buddhist teachings, way of life and culture and continued to diverge into separate branches.

Socialism of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle:

Socrates (470-390 BC), Plato (427-347), Aristotle (384-322 BC) were great philosophers who grew out of Greece. Socrates is famous for saying that he knows that he knows nothing. He proposed an ideal society within the Greek kingdom. It was a period of continuing slavery. Plato proposed an ideal society not for slaves, but among slave owners. The Buddha did not abandon the slaves like that, but if they were freed with the permission of the master, he admitted them into the Buddhist community. Alexander’s teacher, Aristotle, wrote many treatises. The modern world continues to depend largely on Aristotle’s theories and understandings. Aristotle was a great philosopher.

Maurya, Satavahana and Pala dynasties who supported Buddhism:

Many royal dynasties like Mauryan dynasty, Pala dynasty, Satavahana dynasty followed Buddhism and encouraged. Whenever there were wars and conflicts on the raise, the importance of Bhakti Vira Rasa increased for peaceful transformation.

Nagarjuna Konda Sriparvata Vidyalaya:

After the fall of the Mauryan Empire in BC, the Salivahanas (225 BC – 225 AD), known as the Salivahana Empire, served extensively in the propagation of Buddhism under its influence. Schools were established at Nagarjunakonda and Sriparvatham. Over time it came to be known as Acharya Nagarjuna University.

Socialism by Nalanda University:

Nalanda University, which has been operating since 427 AD, had 2000 professors and ten thousand students in Rajagiri on the border of Bihar and Nepal. Founded by King Kumaragupta, Nalanda University gave major importance to socialist sciences. The Guptas and King Harsha of Kannaju nurtured this university. Nalanda University reached its peak during the reign of the Pala Dynasty kings in the 7th century. Many scientists were produced. Astronomy, medicine, science, metallurgy were extensively researched. They have led to many new skills and professions.

Vikramsila University:

Dharmapala (783-820) of the Pala dynasty founded Vikramsila Universityin the 8th century. Vikramsila Universityis a university known for its history. In 1193 AD it was invaded by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji. Knowing that the scholars here were more knowledgeable than their king, thousands of students and teachers were murdered by Bhaktiyar Khilji to ensure that no one should be more knowledgeable than their king. Heads were cut off. Around 90 lakh manuscripts, leather, copper, bronze and palm-leaf manuscripts were burnt. They continued to burn for three months. This is a great tragedy in history. The accumulation of knowledge was destroyed. Chinese pilgrims who worked as students and teachers and took away some texts to China were only left.

Buddhism respects women:

Buddha’s mother is Gautami. When she questioned why women should not be included, women were also included in the Buddhist community. Walter Reuben in his book ‘Slaves in India’ written in Germany describes with some evidence about the slaves of India in BC. We know slavery and exploitation that continues even today. Then, during that period, if the slaves were freed, they should be included in Buddhist monasteries and Buddhist communities, and it was revolutionary. All are equal after Buddhist initiation.

Buddha rejected the hierarchy of male-dominated varna and caste systems and practiced equality. From the Mangali caste, which is sometimes seen as a Shudra caste, Upali and Ananda were recognized as the main disciples. Badhasarpa-dashtas, hunters, robbers, thieves, and prostitutes were guided and included into Buddhist community. Thus, Angulimalu and Amrapali became famous disciples of Buddha. The relic of Buddha was known from the borders of Nepal and Bihar to Khanapur in today’s Adilabad district. Bavari left Sapta Godavari Island near Khanapur Godavari and returned to his native place after meeting Buddha.

The sciences and scientists who grew out of Buddhist universities:

Many scientists like Aryabhata, Kanadu, Kapila, Ashwa-ghosha, Dharmakirti, Dhignaga, Charaka studied in Buddhist universities and became professors and did research. The sciences, arts, theories and inventions proliferated under socialism are sublime. Students study in universities from the age of 10-15 years. Faculty and students in universities continued to have accommodation and meals. Thus, the socialist system has continued for centuries in educational institutions and temples. It taught the doctrine of dharma kartruva to the kings. Peaceful transformation, peaceful coexistence, benevolence, humane values are what Buddhism is all about. Not to steal, no to adultery and no to lie, were the moral values were to the society by Buddhist socialism. When Buddhism is seen not as a religion, but as a Dhamma, a way of life, a culture of life, the Buddhist ascetics living in the samsaric life of the Buddhist monk communities, their personalities continue to live in peaceful coexistence with benevolence. For any state, any society, any system, peaceful coexistence, through social justice, social change is the ultimate aim, the ultimate goal.

The destination Socialist concepts before Buddha:

The roots of socialism before Buddha can be found in Charvaka and other visions and Upanishads. Many of the Upanishads brought forward atheistic rationalism. Sankhya, Nyaya Darshanas, Purvamimamsa, Uttara Mimamsa, Shad-darshanas, have atheistic, rationalist and socialist sentiments in their nature. From the time of the Indus Civilization to 300 years BC, socialist sentiments and socialist systems have continued with the early commune systems. These can be observed in history being reconstructed through archaeological remains.

Life in Indus and Harappan Civilizations:

Thus, the socialist commune systems that emerged from the Indus Civilization, Harappa, Mohenjodaro Civilizations were damaged by fixed farming, fixed living, Vedic Aryan invasions, migrations and floods. Vedic Aryas emphasized nomadic pastoralism. They learnt farming later. Varna system was formed among them. All that order can be learned through the study of history. Trivarjis considered the local tribes, races, and Buddhists to be fourfold, Shudras and Atishudras. It is important to note that people did not think so of themselves.

Commune and Socialist Concepts in Historical Evolution:

Gana tribes, Janapadas, with the desire for a kingdom, were merged into the kingdom. The boundaries of the kingdom expanded. Kingdom and empire systems were formed. Buddha was born during the reign of the leaders of the Gana tribes and Janapadas. By the time of Buddha there were 16 Mahajanapadas. The two Maha Janapadas of Nizamabad, Bodhan and Assaka are also recorded in Buddhist literature. It was a time when tribes and great tribes were being merged and included in the state as part of federalism. The period of Nandarajas. That order expanded as Nanda dynasty and Maurya dynasty empires. Thus, the socialist commune sentiments that have continued in the course of history are widely available in Buddhist Jain teachings.

The world was greatly influenced by the Buddha’s teachings. Christianity and Islam were born many centuries after Buddhism. Both of them have adapted a great deal from Buddhism. To be precise, Buddhism is like the mother of Christianity and Islam. Vedicism also borrowed a lot from Buddhism. Followed. ‘Om Sahana Bhavatu / Sahanau Bhunatu / Sahaviryam Karavavahai / Tejasvi Navadhitamastu / Mavidvishavahai Om Shanti, Shantihi’ we all chant together in Vedic. It is said that ‘we will be together’.

Socialism, Social Justice Socialism:

If you look at the evolution of history like this... socialism, socialism is equality, social justice is socialism. Many people think that socialism is a theory born out of the industrial revolution. Either they all think of world history as centered around Europe or they are not immune to its influence.

Buddha, Marx, Engels:

Buddha’s journeys and prophecies throughout his life for fifty years did not just go away. It has spread into many fields such as philosophy, logic, literature, arts, decorative arts, way of life, culture, personality development etc. Buddha’s Animism is “Everything changes and there is evolution in interrelationship”. The philosophical concepts of Pratitya Samutpada are clearly formulated.

The role it played in Buddhist decorative arts, Indian literature and cultural arts is immense. Buddhism reached the highest peaks in the world in the logical sciences of Eastern countries. Nalanda, Takshasila, Sriparvata Nagarjuna, Vikramsila universities have given many sciences to the world! Students educated in universities have spread all over the world like sowing seeds. The role played by philosophy, logic and science in understanding the world is paramount.

The philosophies and logical sciences that have evolved in Buddhism every 500 years constantly being contemporary and maintained their superiority. Anatmavadam “everything changes”, Pratitya Samutpada, are the highest formulations of logical sciences and philosophy. Pratitya Samutpada clarifies that an evolution takes place in the synthesis of many social and natural systems of motion. This principle has dominated the way we view the world for centuries and even today.

Starting with Ashwaghosha, Nagarjuna, Dighnagu, Dharmakirti, Vasubandhu, Telangu, Rice David couple, Professor Lakshminarasu, Dr. Babasaheb B.R. Ambedkar, Rahul Sankrityayan, Sharad Patil who founded the Satyashodaka Communist Party, Russian Star Batsky and many others strengthened, introduced and analyzed Buddhist philosophy and logic. From the Vedic Sanatana texts to Arvachina and so-called Hindu religious texts, classics can be mentioned as many as 220 texts in the ancient Indian subcontinent. These are... Vedas, Upanishads, Purvamimamsa, Uttara Mimamsa, Shut Darshanas, Samkhya, Nyaya Vaisheshika Darshanas. Ramayana, Mahabharata etc.

Millions of scriptures in Buddhism:

While millions of scriptures were burned and destroyed, more than 500 philosophical, logical, and decorative texts and classics of Buddhism were published in the world. Since the time of Emperor Ashoka, they were spread into the world.

Thus, the Buddha’s teachings, and the way of life of the Buddhists were codified in triptychs called Vinayapitaka, Suttapitaka and Dhammapitaka and the ways of life to be practiced by the human society. Ananda, Upali, Vasubandha, Acharya Nagarjuna and many others supported Buddhist philosophy and ways of life. Mallampally Somasekhara Sharma published a small book of discourses entitled ‘Buddhist Universities in Ancient India’ in 1953. It has recently been reprinted. The role played by Buddhist universities around the world, in the fields of education, medicine, knowledge, physics and chemistry is sublime. In 1956, on the occasion of the 2500th birth anniversary of the Buddha, the Government of India organized a well-organized seminar and the seminar papers were published as a book collection. In October of the same year, Ambedkar’s Buddhist conversion festival was held.

Development of Vedic sciences with imitation of Buddhist sciences:

In Vedic, Varna, Kula and Manu Dharma Shastras, the educational system continued in Gurukulam style. Being a part of the Guru’s family, carrying out Sushrusha and study any one of the sciences for ten to twelve years. It’s like taking tuition and taking a private study. In Buddhism, study in the universities exalted in a great social consciousness, organized energy, personal development. Thus, Buddhism has shaped man as a social being from the beginning.

Vedic and Varna dharma shastras have given priority to the individual way of thinking and the individual way of life. In this way, from the beginning, Buddhism laid great emphasis on community, social personality development, and way of life. Many sciences have been created in collective effort. They gave light to this world. The influence of Buddhism on Greek philosophy was enormous. Buddhism is rich in dialogues of mutual benefit. The Greeks were a very small nation. The sound Hindu is a name given by outsiders. An Indian has never been called that. At present they are Varna Dharma. After that it was transformed into Kula Dharma, Karma Siddhanta, Reincarnation Siddhanta and Atmanism. They are called as Hindu.

Atheism and Rationalism in Indian Philosophies:

In Indian philosophies, many philosophies have proposed atheism and anonymity. No Idol worship in Sanatana Dharma and Vedic Dharma. Anatmavad continued to prevail like Atmavada in Atma and Anatma vadas. Sharad Patil has extensively studied the origins of the varna system and the term varna in his book ‘Dasashudra Slaveri’.

Science, Journey, Broadcasts Bringing Out New Things:

More than 150 episodes have come up in YouTube in Hindi in the name of Science, Journey and continue introducing many new elements and reconstructing history. On the other hand, R.S.S. Parivar formed an organization called ‘Itihasa Sankalana Samiti’ with hundreds of full-time intellectuals writing history, philosophy in favor of Varna supremacy, and writing about developments that came through Buddhism, without mentioning the name of Buddhism, and also combined thousands of elements of Buddhism into Varna Shastras, Varna and caste history claiming that as the achievement by Brahmins. Most of the authors of the Upanishads were not Brahmins. They do not even agree to call them Sudras. Even today Vishva Brahmins and Vishmakarmas are strongly opposed to addressing themselves as Shudras. They argued that they were better than Brahmins in the Madras High Court for a long time. Therefore, just because Brahmins call others Shudras does not make them all Shudras. They are all creators. Community builders. In another way, it can be said that these Dashavataras are popular as part of Varna division and Vaishnava tradition. Basaveshwara said “Khayakam” is Kailasam. He said that all castes are one. The Bhakti movements of Shaivism rejected the Vedas, the Darshans and the Upanishads and also opposed. Many people hide this fact.

Indus, Harappa, Mohenjo-daro Civilizations:

While Borra Govardhan’s youtube series “Science Journey” proves how great is the culture and science technology of the Indus civilization flourished two thousand years before the Buddha and before the Vedic and Vedic civilizations, they made all of them a part of Hindu religious propaganda and added comments suitable for them, mixed Buddhism, Jainism, Ajivakam, Atheism, Anatism, Kannadaism, etc and are claiming to be their own and promoting them. If you read the texts written by Chinese Buddhists such as Fahian Hiuen Tsang, Itsing, and later Alberuni etc., many Buddhist texts and English translations available in Tibet, Thailand, Japan and other countries, you will know that they are imitations of Buddhist scriptures called Hindu Dharma Shastras and Philosophy. So they are not made popular.

Therefore, the Buddhist countries have announced that they will give hundreds of crores of rupees as a grant to Nalanda, Takshasila, Vikramsila and Acharya Nagarjuna universities to be renovated, modernized and also teach modern sciences.

Developments in Buddhist Culture:

Thus, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist practice, Buddhist way of life, Buddhist culture have pushed the world forward in the age of knowledge and the age of science for centuries. Over time, thousands of books were burned when the Muslims invaded. Historians write that they burned for several months. As it was burnt to ashes, the texts that reached other places and other universities were only left behind.

Along with the Muslims, the powers that declared their superiority, many kings starting from the Gupta kings were oppressed under the influence of the Brahmins. From Buddhism to so called Hinduism a lot was incorporated. Except the Varna and caste systems, Manu Dharma Shastra, Atma, Reincarnation and Karma doctrines, all other things were changed from Buddhism to Hindu Dharma. Doctrine of dharmakartrtva as said by Maharaja Janaka in the Ramayana and in modern times by Gandhiji is drawn from Buddhism. It goes without saying that peace, non-violence, love and compassion belong to Buddhism.

Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas as reworked after Buddhism:

Linguists and historians believe that Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavad Gita took its final form between the second and sixth centuries AD. It is explained with many details and evidence in the Buddhist ‘Science Journey’ that Vedas are not as old as they claim ie 1500 years BC, and the pronunciation of the letters in them were not born by then, Devanagari did not exist at that time, and they all belonged to the period after Buddha. They are shown from the original scriptures in Devanagari. Sanskrit scholars have concluded that most of the Bhagavad Gita was adopted from Buddhism and said by Malachi as a justification for the philosophy of Varna Adhikya. Dr. Malayashree understood that decades ago, published ‘Manava Gita’ in Sanskrit saying, ‘Bhagavad Gita is not a human Gita’. Dr. Malayashree translated Ashwaghosu’s ‘Vajrasuchi’Upanishad into Telugu. T. Ravichand has done special work about Buddhism.

Ambedkar’s conversion to Buddhism with 6 lakh people:

Ambedkar took 22 vows while accepting Buddhism. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar converted to Buddhism on 14 October 1956 on Vijayadashami with six lakh people. He popularized Navayana Buddhism by writing the book ‘Buddha and Dhamma’ declaring that even if I am born a Hindu...I will not die a Hindu. Since then in India, spread of Buddhism, interest in Buddhism is increasing. Buddhism is now expanding as a strong doctrine and philosophy in India. Ambedkar made 22 standards for the adoption of Buddhism in accordance with the modern era so that even the common people could understand how the way of life should be and what kind of beliefs should be held from now on and six lakh people took a pledge. They are standards to liberate people from caste, caste, discrimination, oppression, inequalities and creeds that continue in the name of so-called Hindu Dharma. Two decades ago in Nellore, Ingilala Ramachandra Rao Bodhi Ambedkar converted to Buddhism by thousands of people in the name of Buddhist Dharma Porata Samiti. Buddhist centers are emerging in Visakhapatnam, Kakinada, Mangalagiri, Nellore and other places.

Reconstructing Buddhism:

Buddhist centers flourish at Mahendra Hills in Secunderabad and Buddha Vana at Nagarjunasagar. Anjaneya Reddy, Annapareddy Buddhaghosedu, Dr. Kathi Padmarao, Kanche Ailaiah and others popularize Buddhist philosophy widely. All over the country and the world, they are getting rid of the dirty history and dirt and bringing forward the development of Buddhism in a bright light. Reprints of Ambedkar’s writings started in 1991 on the occasion of Ambedkar’s centenary and national and international conferences brought many novelties to the fore.

Socialism of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Mao collapsed within decades:

While Buddhist socialism continued for centuries in the Soviet Union, the socialist system established in 1918 under the leadership of Lenin and the socialist system established in 1949 under the leadership of Mao in People’s China collapsed by 1985. Within a few decades they took a U turn.

Did they go forward with individual centric ? Was it not based on socialist principles, culture and structure of social life like Buddhism, or was it because they depended on monarchy or its theory? Did the middle-class intellectuals and educated people used the working class to come to power and become the leaders themselves? These are debatable points. Let’s discuss them in the next chapter. Let us limit ourselves to the point that they collapsed within a few decades.

17 Centuries of Buddhist Socialism: While Buddhism lasted for 1700 years it continued to influence society till the 14th century AD. Some of the arguments that spread in the 11th century were the tyranny of Islamism and Muslim rule that caused irreparable damage to Buddhism and the country. Due to the Muslim attacks on Buddhism, the so-called Hindu Varna Dharma re-emerged, taking it as an opportunity. Bhakti movements started among the people in the country by synthesizing Buddhism, Islam, Greeks and Sufism against Muslim arguments. The devotional movements practiced by the people were different and the Bhakti movements practiced by castiest people were different. The bhakti movements of the Shudras were related to community-based socialism.

Bhakti movements taught us to see the divinity of man, humanity and humanitarian society, regardless of who were the kingdom. All these are adopted from Buddhism. Hindu varna-dominated devotional movements prioritized idolatry, the glory of the holy place and promoted it for the benefit of priests and merchants. Shudra Bhakti Movements ‘One cannot be free from the sin of “Gochi” even if one visited Kashi’ and denied the glory of the holy place and the glory of the rivers.

New definitions:

By today’s definitions, the formation of Buddhist societies was one of the earliest prototypes of world socialism. Spartacus also proposed a socialist model of society. The model of socialism proposed by Buddhism continued for several centuries. Historians and anthropologists have confirmed that the “primitive communist society” proposed by Marxism never actually existed. Whereas European socialists and communists failed to know the existence of Buddhist socialist societies which actually existed.

A Socialist Manifesto with Philosophical Basis:

As mentioned earlier, it is the Buddhist society that had a global impact among the primitive socialist societies that were built by human beings with a socialist manifesto having a philosophical foundation. India had ancient connections with Greece, the birthplace of European philosophies. By the time of the Buddha, Greek philosophy was at a rudimentary level and grew independently. Buddhism had a great influence on the Greek philosophers. Buddhism had taken strong roots as a strong social system here by the time of Plato and Aristotle.

In modern times, Marxism related socialism as said by Marks, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao was popularly known as Socialist system. The history of the preceding centuries was downplayed and shown. Now, in Russia and China too, the socialism that was then said has collapsed and democratic systems have been established. Now the power to spread out has lessened with the power of the state. Thus a new light is spreading on socialism of Buddhism.

Marx and Engels definition:

Marx and Engels were great human beings. They conducted many studies and brought forward many theories principles which could affect the word. With many studies, theories and formulations that affect the world have been put forward. They, pained by the hardship faced by the working class, for the sake of the welfare of the working class brought forward the contention of the working class. Since then, the workers of the world have gained many facilities during the Russian and Chinese revolutions. Reduction of working hours, improvement of workplaces, environment, security of life, holidays, provident fund, housing, free electricity, free canteens, profit share, bonus etc. were achieved.

Marx and Engels at a young age with enthusiasm, and all the philosophers of the world until now interpreted the society in different ways. Marx said that the real thing is to change it. Marxists are very happy saying that. But the fact is that even Marx spent much of his life commenting on society but not towards changing it. Their knowledge is mainly indirect knowledge. Knowledge of books. There are few who believe the formulation of Marx to be true. Buddha worked towards changing the world. Christ, Muhammad, Guru Nanak and Kabir also worked to change the world. However, Marxists do not hesitate to distort history to any extent to maintain their ideological supremacy. It is evident from their stand to support Marx instead of condemning about the words said by him about the Philosophers. This is also evident that, in their fascination for Marxism, Marxists lose their own brain morphology knowledge and history.

Buddha was a practicing philosopher who recognized the need to change society. He observed the pitfalls of philosophical debates. He felt they were unnecessary. Buddha was the first philosopher to Emphasize the supremacy of worldview over philosophies in the world. Two and a half thousand years later, Marx and Engels said the same thing.

Although Marx emphasized the worldview, Marxism relies more on scientific discussion than worldview. Buddhism emphasizes more on worldview. Marx said nothing more than what Buddha said. Ambedkar said this after a deep study of both. This point becomes clear even if you read only the third volume of Ambedkar’s works. Few of the Upanishads discuss it in depth like that of the Buddha. But they did neither suggest nor commit themselves to social practice like Buddha.

Marx said nothing more than the Buddha:

Ambedkar analyzed and showed that Marx had nothing more to say than Buddha. There is sorrow in life. Ambedkar concluded by comparing Marx and Buddha that there is a cure for sorrow. If Marxism wanted a one-party dictatorship, it was Buddha and Ambedkar who worked to achieve democratic socialism in a multi-party system. That is why discussions and Mahasabhas were being held from time to time in Buddhism since the time of Buddha. Ambedkar called Buddha a great socialist builder. Ambedkar compared Marx to Buddha and made some formulations. Thus, it is implicitly said that Marx is equal to Buddha. Of course, Marx cannot be equal to Buddha. When compared with Buddha’s socialist practice, Marx and Engels joins the ranks of academic scholars.

Buddha was a wayfarer:

Buddha traveled continuously for years, practicing and teaching what he believed. As if sitting in front of the TV, he sat in front of books and watched the world. Buddha left the kingdom, wife and children and devoted himself to social life. Marx lived as a part of the family, with his wife and children. Engels survived by running his own textile mills.

Because Buddha lived among people, he emphasized the superiority of love while providing medicine, education, friendship, and brotherhood. Marx and Engels could not live together with the people like Buddha. Therefore, they did not understand the ultimate meaning of benevolence, of being together with friendship, love, brotherhood.

As Jews, they could not be de-classed from their sense of superiority. So instead of bringing everyone closer like Buddha, they started criticizing and alienating everyone. If they had been among the people like Buddha, they would have included everyone like Buddha. Many new theories, propositions, philosophical concepts and philosophers have been discredited because of this failure and humiliated. Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao were not able to say or emphasize about benevolence and compassion. Buddha, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Phule, Ambedkar, Lohia did this.

If Marx and Engels had worked like Buddha, a lot would have changed: the change in social life, like Buddha, if Engels had interwoven with the people, the ego crisis, the desire to prove that I am right, and the inhuman expression in their works would have reduced to a great extent. They loved their feelings. Those who opposed their sentiments were severely persecuted. Buddha loved people instead. He was able to transform thieves like Anguli Maludu etc., and was able to convert Amrapali and even the kings in favor of the people.

Buddha was not as narrow minded as Marx, Engels, Lenin and Mao. He asked not to believe what he said or what anyone else said. Gnostic Buddha said to believe and practice what is true. But Marx, Engels worked all their life to ensure that whatever they said was right. Buddha recognized the discernment and wisdom of society. But the notion that we are the only ones with the knowledge to think scientifically, egoism is widespread in the writings of Marxism. There is such a difference between Buddhism and Marxism in the theory of knowledge and belief in people. Marxism has no faith in the wisdom of people. Both Brahmanism and Marxism say that they are better than everyone else. That is why the Brahmins immediately adapted to Marxism. Thus, Marxism began to continue in the form of Brahminism in this country.

Buddha’s Basic Philosophy:

As mentioned earlier, animism changes everything. Pratitya Samutpata Paropakaram Prema, Karuna, Panchsheela Ashtanga path are philosophical practices.

Buddha proposed a socialism that practiced Samata - Prajna - Compassion, Liberty Equality and Fraternity. Varna and caste systems are against them. They propose a society of differences. Afour-color system was constructed for colorimetric purposes. As mentioned earlier, there was no word Brahmanism at that time. We are using this word for our convenience. The terms Brahmanism and Hinduism are recent. They are four color systems. Buddhists are showing evidence in recent TV episodes in the name of Science Journey that Vedicism, which came after the Harappa and Indus civilizations, is also of recent times and not as ancient as that. Buddhism proposed a middle way to achieve harmony between the lower classes and the upper classes. Marxism is a centralism which aims to achieve harmony with peasants, women, oppressed races, regions, etc., who are marginalized rather than the working class.

Ambedkarism, feminism, Dalitism, classism, Buddhism and Marxism are not centrists. These are the arguments of the lower classes, and the arguments of the lower classes are called rethilibizilijidi shinililijiliri. Efforts are being made to transform Buddhism into centrist Marxism through grassroots classism.

Growth in Europe:

Buddhism has grown to incorporate the sciences from time to time in each century and did not collapse. Nagarjuna of the second century of the Satavahanas propounded Nihilism, Madhyamikaism, and many other philosophical concepts and analyzed. It took 1400 years for European philosophers to reach the level of Nagarjuna.

Kant-Hegel moved forward by reaching the level of Nagarjuna. Nothing that the Hegel said is more than what Nagarjuna said. Nagarjuna advocated both Nihilism and Madhyamika at the same time. Hegel spoke of both nihilism and rationalism. Marx adopted nihilism and abandoned subservience. We will see this in detail in another chapter.

Europe developed late compared to India, Egypt, Greece and China. So socialist sentiments began to sprout in Europe a thousand years later. From the 14th century, Europe picked up speed from India, Greece and China. Europeans amassed the wealth of the world through robbery, rapine and trade in the Asian and African countries.

Modern socialist sentiments as part of European hegemony:

“Marxism is not the only theory that continued to seek European domination over the people of color. All the theories that came out under European domination in the last three centuries did the same. If we look at the theories of capitalism and liberalism, there is no need for separate evidence that their life journey is connected with the oppression and exploitation of Asia and other countries. Any kind of evidence is not needed. It seems that all theories have survived within the boundaries of power. Except those that were not born within these boundaries, all others are limited to those boundaries. Be it Adam Smith, Marxism, the theories of Rousseau, Locke, Hegel, etc., all have dealt with the spirit and ambitions of Europe. “It spoke of man, not of Europeans. Marxism created a system of wealth, equality and peace for all mankind,” says Ramamanohar Lohia (from Lohia’s Vision 1).

The first communists were the slave-owning philosophers Socrates and Plato. It should be taken as the ignorance of Europe that Buddha, who was born two hundred years earlier and proposed and practiced the forms of socialism, was not discussed in the history of socialism. . Buddhism has guided the world in social, cultural, moral, economic and political fields.

Kingdom Incarnation Theories:

Buddha, much earlier to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, formulated the theory of state existence and development. Kancha Ilaiyya Ph.D. said that before Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, he proposed the theory of the emergence of the social contract state, the theory of women’s rights against Brahminism with the help of Anand, and the construction of the Buddhist society before Marx, the theory of the construction of a society of equal rights with socialist features. The thesis ‘God as a Political Philosopher’ can be understood by anyone who read the book. Ilaiyya’s thesis, written from a Dalit perspective, poses a challenge to political philosophy so far.

Continued to Next Page